Difference between revisions of "PHY543 spring 2021"

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   <th width=50% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
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   <th width=80% align=center>Class meet time and dates</th>
 
   <th align=center>Instructors</th>
 
   <th align=center>Instructors</th>
 
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*  '''When: M, 6:05p-8:00p '''                                   
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*  '''When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm'''                                   
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*  '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
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*  '''Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.'''
 
'''
 
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==Course Overview==
 
==Course Overview==
 
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.
 
TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.
 +
  
 
==Course Content==
 
==Course Content==
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* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.  
 
* We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.  
 
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.
 
* Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.
 +
  
 
==Learning Goals==
 
==Learning Goals==
 
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.
 
Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.
 +
  
 
==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
 
==Main Texts and ''suggested materials''==
 
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
 
While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:
 
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
 
* RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).
−
Other Reading Recommendations  
+
''Other Reading Recommendations''
 
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of  
 
It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of  
 
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)  
 
* Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)  
 
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
 
* Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)
 
or other similar textbooks.
 
or other similar textbooks.
−
Additional reference books:  
+
''Additional reference books:''
 
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
 
* Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
 
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
 
* RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)
−
Online resources:  
+
''Online resources:''
 
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
 
* The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
 
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
 
* Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
Line 57: Line 59:
  
 
==Grades==
 
==Grades==
−
There will be a substantial number of problems. Most of them are aiming for better understanding of material covered during classes. The final grade will be based on:
+
Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%).
−
*Homework assignments - 40% of the grade
+
Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.
−
*Presentation of a research topic  - 40% of the grade
+
−
*Class Participation - 20% of the grade
+
  
−
 
−
==The Rules==
 
−
* You may collaborate with your classmates on the homework's if you are contributing to the solution. You must '''personally write up the solution of all problems'''. It would be appropriate and honorable to acknowledge your collaborators by mentioning their names. These acknowledgments will not affect your grades.
 
−
* We will greatly appreciate your homeworks being readable. Few explanatory words between equations will save us a lot of time while checking and grading your home-works. Nevertheless, your writing style will not affect your grades.
 
−
* Do not forget that simply copying somebody's solutions does not help you and in a long run we will identify it. If we find two or more identical homeworks, they all will get reduced grades. You may ask more advanced students, other faculty, friends, etc. for help or clues, as long as you personally contribute to the solution.
 
−
* You may (and are encouraged to) use the library and all available resources to help solve the problems. Use of Mathematica, other software tools and spreadsheets are encouraged. Cite your source, if you found the solution somewhere.
 
−
* You should return homework '''before the deadline'''. Homework returned after the deadline could be accepted with reduced grading - 15% per day. Otherwise, it will be unfair for your classmates who are doing their job on time. Therefore, you should be on time to keep your grade high. Exceptions are exceptions and do not count on them (if your dog eats your homework on a regular basis - feed it with something healthy, eating homework is bad for your pet and for you grade).
 
−
 
−
==Presentation on a Research Project==
 
−
* '''This presentation will be in place of the final exam'''. You will pick an accelerator project of your interest from a list provided by the instructors. We allow presentations on papers directly related to your research if they are linked to accelerator physics, but you will have to get it approved by the instructors. The presentations will be in a PowerPoint or equivalent a form.
 
−
*We will grade your presentations on: adequate understanding (good physics), adequate preparation (clear way of presentation, Visual Aids - pictures and figures), adequate references (where you find materials).
 
−
* The research project should be fun and we encourage you to choose an original topic and an original way of presentation. Nevertheless, any topic prepared and presented properly will have high grade.
 
−
*''' [[media:Projects_for_PHY_564.pdf ‎|Suggested topics for Projects]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
 
  
 
== Lecture Notes==
 
== Lecture Notes==
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_M5AsSUmmzbmPgYp-vaOQhjFNanrnRuq/view?usp=sharing Lecture 1: Introduction]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VTW5WCmpnWl-UJYMrn0fnKxon3I8dUPo/view?usp=sharing Lecture 2: Brief survey of particle accelerators]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCDCBse3dFMw2n_AYMjrLQELenX7ZmcB/view?usp=sharing Lecture 3: RF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PFmygqe5yCTFTpEC_WvlSZTr1U-nH9lX/view?usp=sharing Lecture 4: RF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/19ibWffhvCGyYGibC9y3pmy1ilt5XUeOw/view?usp=sharing Lecture 5: SRF fundamentals, part 1]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uyFtIjQbV4mXtdXqenqbHSvYM4I6Ym7l/view?usp=sharing Lecture 6: SRF fundamentals, part 2]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hSQJky7Yli78zHH32mmEVZV43u0Xi4OZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 7: Cavity performance frontier]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WrP3o1ns3jPrRq6LNYyxH5OhyTv7XQ7e/view?usp=sharing Lecture 8: Related phenomena]''', by Dr. Petrushina
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXC80O2wtZL-0EKcq9fn__OAE9ePntiZ/view?usp=sharing Lecture 9: SRF system requirements]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GOj2Pslbyjzm1NC9oKKrAa7MrWWHOthx/view?usp=sharing Lecture 10: Beam-cavity interactions]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uVNkQ5lqU-e8rBVmckOhDQXBI48HMX1c/view?usp=sharing Lecture 11-12: Systems engineering, parts 1 and 2]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1522gXKvOzjGBb2SB57taDMkTlPtWqN9N/view?usp=sharing Lecture 13: Cavity design]''', by Dr. Petrushina
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K6-7wWztHPPWYHLaNO4dM1ft0FLjOpVU/view?usp=sharing Lecture 14: Cryomodule design]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rZ3tYyObDMGl_bdL88yPmpxVXG4vBRFu/view?usp=sharing Lecture 15: Fundamental power couplers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AfusxU7cac86byrO5BZ8QRV_SC-rsrQd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 16: HOM dampers]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HArNGaxD7PIAvKKva_VFGGhbaRC4cTXY/view?usp=sharing Lecture 17: Cavity frequency tuners]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sJpLOplUnCvXEU7j_JT-IE2Pf2A2-xUz/view?usp=sharing Lecture 18: Cavity fabrication and processing]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iw3yDB4opOOTmf_UpXv2mJnIaAnT1CU0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 19: SRF cavity testing and instrumentation]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gbx_OyATBmc_IZ0P_dXacgpwusByhNjd/view?usp=sharing Lecture 20: High power RF sources]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Yt6dW8Uzw-8c59VmM8HWysd4G3DrrFK0/view?usp=sharing Lecture 21: Case study: LCLS-II]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dpSP2hqNHlQqVPtvX9k262RQUwzc7CJ6/view?usp=sharing Lecture 22-23: Refrigerationand cryogenics. Low temperature material properties and heat transfer]''', by Mr. Klebaner
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SH7KN21FegoyeSmV9alSiGMwz8ASsrsm/view?usp=sharing Lecture 24: SRF in quantum regime]''', by Dr. Posen
 +
*'''[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZHFa5OJVu9uu2_vojddPYQk7mlyJfTVg/view?usp=sharing Lecture 25: Overview of remaining SRF challenges]''', by Prof. Belomestnykh
  
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lectures_1&2_compressed.pdf|Lectures 1 and 2: Least Action Principle, Geometry of Special Relativity, Particles in E&M fields]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
== Homeworks==
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_3_2020.pdf|Lecture 3: Linear Algebra]], by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_4_compressed.pdf|Lecture 4: Accelerator Hamiltonian]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_5_compressed.pdf|Lecture 5: Hamiltonian Methods for Accelerators]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_6_compressed.pdf|Lecture 6: Matrix function, Sylvester formulae]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_7_compressed.pdf|Lecture 7: Matrices of arbitrary accelerator elements]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_8_compressed.pdf|Lecture 8: How to build a magnet]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_9_compressed.pdf|Lecture 9: Linear accelerators and RF systems]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_10_compressed.pdf|Lecture 10: Periodic systems: stability and parameterization]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_11_compressed.pdf|Lecture 11: Full 3D linearized motion in accelerators]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_12_compressed.pdf|Lecture 12: Synchrotron oscillations]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_13_compressed.pdf|Lecture 13: Action and phase variables]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_14_15_compressed.pdf|Lectures 14 & 15: Solving standard accelerator problems]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_16_compressed.pdf|Lecture 16: Effects of synchrotron radiation]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_17_compressed.pdf|Lecture 17: Fokker-Plank and Vlasov equations]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_18_19_compressed.pdf|Lectures 18 & 19: Eigen beam emittances and parameterization]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_20_2020.pdf|Lecture 20: Collective Effects I: Wakefield and Impedances]], by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_21_2020.pdf|Lecture 21: Collective Effects II: Examples of Collective Instabilities]], by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_22_2020.pdf|Lecture 22: Free Electron Lasers: Introduction and Small Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_23_2020.pdf|Lecture 23: Free Electron Lasers: Free Electron Lasers: High Gain Regime]], by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_24_2020.pdf|Lecture 24: Hadron Beam Cooling]],  by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_25_2020.pdf|Lecture 25: Nonlinear dynamics: Part I, Chromaticity and its correction]],  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_26_2020.pdf|Lecture 26: Nonlinear dynamics: Part II, Nonlinear resonances]],  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_2020.pdf|Lecture 27: Nonlinear dynamics: Part III, Normalization of maps]],  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
*'''Final Exam, December 16'''
+
−
*'''Part 1:  Lead Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''3:00 pm Xiangdong Li, Free electron lasers'''
+
−
*'''3:30 pm  Jiayang Yan, Laser-Plasma Accelerators'''
+
−
*'''4:00 pm  Nikhil Bachhawat, e+e- colliders'''
+
−
*'''Part 2:  Lead Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''4:45 pm Kristina Finnelli - Industrial applications of accelerators'''
+
−
*'''5:15 pm Nikhil Kumar - Medical application of accelerators'''
+
−
*'''5:45 pm  Ian Schwartz - Accelerators in  Food Processing'''
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
−
 
+
  
−
*'''Additional Material'''
+
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LLJWMfL7uC2EuihqXfh912jW8p3i_hiu/view?usp=sharing HW1]] Due February 22
−
*'''[[media:Lorentz_Group.pdf|Lorentz Group]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/10WF2KbS2HeFE-hwAATwczYx-7SV6oX1z/view?usp=sharingf HW2]] Due March 8
−
*''' [[media:Special_relativity_intro.pdf|Special Relativity intro]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_LL_9JB-gtlsPN_HVmmBDUsRMDC06n8f/view?usp=sharing HW3]] Due March 29
−
*''' [[media:Proof_detM_is_1.pdf|Proof: determinant of a symplectic matrix is 1]],  by Prof. Wang'''
+
*'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rB200cwHsJcKCKdYghcWh20iEsLI_Ayf/view?usp=sharing HW4]] Due April 19
−
*'''[[media:Differential_operators_compressed.pdf |Differential operators in curvelinear coordinate systems ]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:Hamiltonian_expansion.pdf |Accelerator Hamiltonian expansion]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*''' [[media:Appendix_F.pdf|Solution of inhomogeneous equation ]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:Extra_RF_and_SRF_accelerators.pdf|Extra material - RF and SRF accelerators]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
−
*'''[[media:Derive_Saldin_chap_2_1.pdf|Derivation of FEL Hamiltonian]],  by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:SC_test.pdf|Matlab script to test concept of Stochastic Cooling]],  by Prof. Wang'''
+
−
*'''[[media:PHY564_Lecture_27_F2017.pdf|Lecture: Colliders]],  by Prof. Litvinenko'''
+
  
−
== Home Works==
+
Homework review sessions
 +
*'''Session 1, March 1'''
 +
*'''Session 2, March 15'''
 +
*'''Session 3, April 5'''
 +
*'''Session 4, April 26'''
  
−
*'''[[media:Homework2020_1.pdf|HW1]] Due August 31 [[media:Homework_1_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework 2 2020.pdf|HW2]] Due September 2 [[media:Homework_2_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_3_2020.pdf|HW3]] Due September 16 [[media:Homework_3_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_4_5.pdf|HW4_5]] Due September 21 [[media:Homework_4_5_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_6.pdf|HW6]] Due September 23 [[media:Homework_6_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_7.pdf|HW7]] Due September 28 [[media:Homework_7_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_8_2020.pdf|HW8]] Due September 30 [[media:Homework_8_2020_solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_9.pdf|HW9]] Due October 7 [[media:Homework_9_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_10.pdf|HW10]] Due October 12  [[media:Homework_10_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_11.pdf|HW11]] Due October 14 [[media:Homework_11_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_12_2020.pdf|HW12 - STAR problem]] Due October 19  [[media:Homework_12_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_13_2020.pdf|HW13 - STAR problem]] Due October 21  [[media:Homework_13_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_14_2020.pdf|HW14]] Due October 26 [[media:Homework_14_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_15_2020.pdf|HW15]] Due October 28 [[media:Homework_15_solution_2020.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_16_2020.pdf|HW16]] Due November 2 [[media:Homework_16_2020_Solutions.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_17_2020.pdf|HW17]] Due November 4 [[media:Homework_17_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_18_2020.pdf|HW18]] Due November 11 [[media:Homework_18_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_19_2020.pdf|HW19]] Due November 16 [[media:Homework_19_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_20_2020.pdf|HW20]] Due November 18 [[media:Homework_20_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
−
*'''[[media:Homework_21_2020.pdf|HW21]] Due November 23 [[media:Homework_21_2020_solution.pdf|Solutions]]
 
  
−
== Recitation sessions==
+
'''[[https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wL4wGlEXxAm-dk6zhvv2qDJflgMKzbsm/view?usp=sharing Final Exam]] due May 10'''
−
*'''Session 1, September 29, 2020, HWs 1-3  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''Session 2, October 13, 2020, HWs 4-8  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''Session 3, October 27, 2020, HWs 9-12  by Prof. Jing'''
+
−
*'''Session 4, November 10, 2020, HWs 13-15  by Prof. Jing'''
+

Latest revision as of 00:01, 4 May 2021

Class meet time and dates Instructors
  • When: M, 6:05 pm - 8:00pm
  • Where: The course is taught remotely via Zoom. A Zoom meeting link was sent to registered students via email before the first lecture.
  • Prof. Sergey Belomestnykh
  • Dr. Sam Posen
  • Dr. Irina Petrushina


Course Overview

TThis graduate level course covers application of radio frequency (RF) superconductivity to contemporary particle accelerators: particle colliders, storage rings for X-ray production, pulsed and CW linear accelerators (linacs), energy recovery linacs (ERLs), etc. The course addresses both physics and engineering aspects of the field. It covers fundamentals of RF superconductivity, types of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) accelerating structures, performance-limiting phenomena, beam-cavity interaction issues specific to superconducting cavities, approaches to designing SRF systems and engineering of superconducting cavity cryomodules. The course is intended for students interested in accelerator physics and technology who want to learn about application of RF superconductivity to particle accelerators.


Course Content

  • The course includes a brief introduction of the basic concepts of microwave cavities and fundamental concepts of RF superconductivity.
  • Then it covers the beam-cavity interaction issues in accelerators: wake fields and higher-order modes (HOMs) in superconducting structures, associated bunched beam instabilities and approaches to deal with these instabilities (HOM absorbers and couplers, cavity geometry optimization, …), bunch length manipulation with SRF cavities, beam loading effects, etc.
  • Following that we discuss a systems approach and its application to SRF systems for accelerators.
  • We discuss the ways in which the superconducting material, and in particular the surface, can be modified to improve quality factor and accelerating gradient.
  • Finally, we address issues related to engineering of the SRF system components: cryostats, cavities, input couplers, HOM loads, and frequency tuners.


Learning Goals

Upon completion of this course, students are expected to understand the physics underlying RF superconductivity and its application to accelerators, as well as the advantages and limitations of SRF technology. The aim is to provide students with ideas and approaches that enable them to evaluate and solve problems related to the application of superconducting cavities to accelerators, as well actively participate in the development of SRF systems for various accelerators.


Main Texts and suggested materials

While all necessary material will be provided during lectures, we recommend the following textbook for in-depth study of the subject:

  • RF Superconductivity for Accelerators, by H. Padamsee, J. Knobloch, and T. Hays, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd edition (2008).

Other Reading Recommendations It is recommended that students re-familiarize themselves with the fundamentals of electrodynamics at the level of

  • Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics (Chapters 1 through 11) by S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Van Duzer, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1994)
  • Classical Electrodynamics (Chapters 1 through 8) by J. D. Jackson, John Wiley & Sons, 3rd edition (1999)

or other similar textbooks. Additional reference books:

  • Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, edited by A. W. Chao, K. H. Mess, M. Tigner, and F. Zimmermann, World Scientific, 2nd Edition (2013)
  • RF Superconductivity: Science, Technology, and Applications, by H. Padamsee, Wiley-VCH (2009)

Online resources:

  • The Physics of Electron Storage Rings: An Introduction, by M. Sands
  • Microwave Theory and Applications, by S. F. Adam
  • High Energy Electron Linacs: Applications to Storage Ring RF Systems and Linear Colliders, by Perry B. Wilson


Grades

Students will be evaluated based on the following performance criteria: final exam (50%), homework assignments and class participation (50%). Credits earned upon successful completion of this course can be applied toward receiving a Certificate in Accelerator Science and Engineering under the Ernest Courant Traineeship in Accelerator Science & Engineering.


Lecture Notes

Homeworks

  • [HW1] Due February 22
  • [HW2] Due March 8
  • [HW3] Due March 29
  • [HW4] Due April 19

Homework review sessions

  • Session 1, March 1
  • Session 2, March 15
  • Session 3, April 5
  • Session 4, April 26


[Final Exam] due May 10

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